Six Lecture Videos on Michel Foucault's Technologies of the Self

One of the texts that I've taught in my classes in the past, but never produced any lecture videos about until nowis Michel Foucault's piece, Technologies of the Self.  It fits in particularly well with one class I'm teaching this semester for Milwaukee Institute of Art and Design.  It's titled "Philosophy, Mindfulness, and Life, but the class mainly focuses on Philosophy As A Way Of Life.

That's a term popularized by 20th century French philosopher Pierre Hadot, but as as approach towards philosophy it goes far beyond the ambit of his works.  Foucault's study of technologies of the self covers much of the same ground (as does, I would argue, what Alasdair MacIntyre calls "tradition-constituted inquiry").  The focus is on how intentional ways of living develop, employ, borrow, and transform practices.

Foucault's own emphasis on technologies allows him to explain his own overarching projects, framing them particularly in terms of his earlier focus on technologies of power, and his later shift to examining what he calls "technologies of the self."

You can find the essay in multiple places - one of them is in the collection Ethics: Subjectivity and Truth.

Here are those six videos:

• Four Types of Technologies
• Care of the Self and Knowing Oneself
• Socratic and Platonic Care of the Self
• Hellenistic and Roman Care of the Self
• Stoic Care of the Self
• Early Christian Care of the Self

I hope you find them useful and interesting.  As always, if you'd like to make a contribution to helping me continue my work making classic philosophical texts, thinkers, and topics accessible for people worldwide, consider becoming a monthly supporter on Patreon. If you'd like to make a one-time donation, you can do so directly on Paypal, or on Buy Me A Coffee.

Eight Lecture Videos on Plato's Republic book 4

A number of years back, I created two core concept videos - drawn from my classroom discussions - about some of the key issues in Plato's Republic book 4.  This is a particularly important part of the work, for in it, Socrates finally makes good on his promise to tell the other characters of the dialogue his answer to the central question - what is justice?

All of Socrates' lead-up in sketching an ideal city (actually, if you read closely in book 2, the second-best ideal city) - with the idea that the city is a person's soul writ large - bears fruit in Plato's analysis of the soul, its parts, and their functions.

That Republic book 4 analysis of the tripartite soul, and of the four cardinal virtues associated with the parts of the soul, becomes massively influential throughout ancient and medieval philosophy (and theology as well), exercising influence within and without the specifically Platonic tradition.  So studying this part of the work - enjoyable in its own sake - is also important for understanding the history of ideas.

Here are those eight videos:

• Happiness of Citizens and the City
• Plato's City and The Parts of the Soul
• Distinguishing Parts of the Soul
• The Cardinal Virtues in Parts of the Soul
• The Virtue of Courage
• The Virtue of Temperance
• The Virtue of Justice
• Injustice, Overreaching, and Faction

If you'd like to make a contribution to helping me continue my work making classic philosophical texts, thinkers, and topics accessible for people worldwide, consider becoming a monthly supporter on Patreon.  If you'd like to make a one-time donation, you can do so directly on Paypal, or on Buy Me A Coffee.

Moving Video Premiere Date to November 30

One of the new series of videos I started this year provide viewers with my expert advice about how to engage in self-directed study in the field of Philosophy.  Once I have produced a video in this series, I premiere it on YouTube.  That allows anyone who is interested in the topic and the particular thinker to join in via live chat, while everyone watches it for the first time.  I answer questions and address comments over the hour that the video airs.

This month, the plan is to produce, release, and premiere a video focused on how to productively study the range of writers that fall under the rubric of "early Christian philosophy".  This includes a host of thinkers from the very early generations of that new religion, way of life, and indeed in some cases, philosophy all the way though what we might call the "era of Augustine" (though some are his contemporaries).

There were quite a few early Christian writers who explicitly framed Christianity as a "philosophy" and sometimes even called themselves "philosophers".  These were almost invariably Christian writers who had a substantial background in a wide range of the philosophical schools, ideas, and controversies of ancient Mediterranean culture, and who engaged some of those movements and thinkers as interlocutors.  Sometimes they willingly borrowed from pagan thinkers, when there was something of value to incorporate into the new synthesis and the new philosophy as a way of life, centered around the figure and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, and the developing community of the Church.

In the case of some of the authors I'll be discussing - Justin Martyr, Lactantius, Clement of Alexandria, John Cassian, as examples - I've been reading and thinking about their works (and occasionally teaching them as well) for about two decades.  So I've got a lot of advice to assemble and organize for the video.  Given my extraordinarily heavy teaching load this semester (seven classes), I'm a bit behind on video production.

I was hoping to have this next video on self-directed study in philosophy ready to premiere this Saturday, but now think that unlikely.  Accordingly, I'm moving the date for this release - and the Q&A session - out to Saturday, November 30.  In the meantime, here's the other videos in the series:

• Self-Directed Study - Plato's Philosophy
• Self-Directed Study - Aristotle's Philosophy
• Self-Directed Study - Stoic Philosophy
• Self-Directed Study - Epicurean Philosophy
• Self-Directed Study - Cicero's Philosophy
• Self-Directed Study - Anselm of Canterbury's Philosophy

Video Premiere Today - How To Study Plato On Your Own

Coming up at Noon (Central Time) today, we have a new video premiere, this time for the one you see below.  It is designed to help those who want to study Plato on their own - not enrolling in a traditional academic institution - get started and get the most out of their studies.

Years back, I shot a similar video specifically on self-directed study of Plato, intending for it to be the first in a series that would focus on self-study of important philosophers.  I was never quite happy with that initial foray on my part into providing this sort of advice (which I get asked for a lot), and I didn't end up following up with that projected series.

That's changing now, with this new video.  Next month, I'll create the next one, about Aristotle, and then another, most likely on the Stoics, and then many, many more going forward to present-day thinkers.

If you join me at the premiere, you'll not only be one of the first people to get to see it.  You'll be able to ask questions and make comments in real time.  And I'll be there, doing my best to answer and respond to them.

If you click on the video just below, that will take you to the actual page where the premiere happens.  I hope to see some of you there, and chat with you, in the premiere session!


 

Easy Mistake To Make: Rematerializing The Platonic Ideal

This semester, I am teaching two key Platonic texts - the Meno in its entirety, and the Republic in relatively short parts - and using them both to introduce students to the notion of Platonic forms or ideas.  Or if you like, archetypes or models, after which all of the material things we encounter and take as being "real", are copied.

In the Platonic point of view, this entire "real world", the material tangible world of change and plurality we live out or lives in and take our bearings from, while not entirely false or unreal, is certainly not the most true or real.  There is something transcending it, an intelligible world - or perhaps better put, domain or realm (since the term "world" too easily lends itself to our picturing it as yet another world like this one!) - which we grasp not with our senses but through the highest faculties of our mind.

The Meno provides a useful introduction to the Platonic conception of form in more than one way.  Very early on, without naming it as such, we see Socrates asking Meno to direct him towards something like the form of virtue.  He both requires a definition that extends itself to every one of the possible examples.  And he critically examines Meno's progressive attempts to provide an adequate definition.  This is precisely what Platonic dialectic looks like, albeit in a bit of a "baby-steps" mode in that dialogue.

Socrates also brings in the notion of the Platonic forms as he outlines another key doctrine - that of knowledge as recollection.  We acquired the knowledge which we possess within ourselves - just waiting to be recalled or recollected - in a previous life, when we saw (or rather encountered) the forms.

I had a student ask me an interesting question about this earlier life that was quite revealing.  Was this a previous life, while the soul was in a different body?  I explained that, for Plato, that "life" in another body would be more or less the same as the current one.  It was the time "in between" - after leaving one formerly living and now dead body and entering a new body to give it life - when the soul would have encountered those forms and acquired that knowledge of them. 

What is looking at forms like when you haven't got any eyes?  Well, the seeing or even encountering, that's a metaphor for some sort of experience that would be of a purely intelligible order, when the soul grasps the forms.  That's tough to visualize, and it ought to be, because it's not something strictly speaking that would be properly grasped by visualizing it.  It's an almost inevitable temptation, to materialize the platonic ideal.

We can say something similar about how the allegory of the cave in Republic book 7 gets interpreted - but I'll pick up that thread tomorrow, in the next post.

Seven Videos on Aristotle's Metaphysics book 1

This semester, in my Intro to Philosophy and Foundations of Philosophy classes, I'm teaching book 1 of Aristotle's Metaphysics to my students.  Whenever I can, I strive to create videos covering the material that I assign them to read, and then we discuss in class.

For my students, these short videos provide an additional set of resources, helping them to understand the readings and consolidate their growing knowledge.  The general public utilizes them for a much wider set of purposes.

I may produce some additional videos on Aristotle's Metaphysics, and even on book 1, but for now, here are the seven videos I currently have available.

• Philosophy's Origin in Wonder
• Experience, Art, and Science
• Metaphysics and the Four Causes
• Accounts Based on Material Causes
• Accounts Introducing Efficient Causes
• Plato's Metaphysics of Form
• Criticisms of Plato's Forms

Down the line, when I find the time, I may even develop an online course on Aristotle's Metaphysics.

Plato's Meno, Knowledge as Recollection, and Instinct

I just spent a good bit of time reading, grading, and giving feedback on my students' short papers grappling with a key theme in Plato's dialogue, the Meno - the Platonic doctrine of knowledge as recollection. 

After requiring them to explain that doctrine - that we human beings already have knowledge within us, which we learned in a previous bodiless state of existence, and which teaching can help us recall - I asked them whether they found Plato's view on knowledge plausible.  I also asked them to consider whether it might work for certain types of knowledge but not others (even Plato thinks there are at least some things we can say that know that we didn't learn in a previous life).

Without necessarily buying into the entire Platonic backstory for where innate knowledge comes from, quite a few students did find the idea of some of our knowledge being within us prior to any process of learning plausible.  Some argued that to be the case for ethical truths or principles.  Many more pointed towards instincts - both in human beings and animals - as examples or modes of innate knowledge.  Quite a few of those connected those promptings towards or away from things and actions to evolution or DNA.

One one level, this example of instinct isn't a bad one. What instinct tells us is innate rather than explicitly or formally learned.  And it does seem like knowledge in a way.  That something should be done or avoided, for example.  That's not, as instinctual, propositional - but what an instinct urges could certainly be expressed in propositional terms.

The real question that my students aren't yet asking - but could be (since we discussed it in class) and should be - is whether what remains at the level of instinct would really count as knowledge for Plato.  He sets the bar for what counts as knowledge - and who can be said to have knowledge - very high.  Instinct - and the person who has and acts upon instinct - won't really fit the bill for knowledge.

Now, opinion or belief (doxa). . .  that's another possibility isn't it. . . 

Texts and Authors I'm Teaching This Fall

We're now at the end of Week 2 of the classes I'm teaching locally for Marquette University and the Milwaukee Institute of Art and Design.  Many readers, viewers, subscribers, supporters, and other fans have expressed curiosity about the thinkers and texts we're covering in my Foundations in Philosophy (Marquette) and Philosophies of Human Nature (MIAD) classes, so I thought I'd take a bit of time and discuss those a bit.

There is a good bit of overlap in the material covered in these two classes, and there's several reasons for that.  Every one of the texts and authors we're reading and discussing is someone I think well worth engaging with for a student just beginning in philosophy.  Some of them are thinkers I've previously developed resources on when I taught them in the past, so I have good handouts, lesson page, or videos ready at hand. And, since I'm teaching a LOT this semester, I wanted to keep from having two entirely different preps for these two classes.

So for all of you who have been inquiring about my classes - and anyone else who is interested in the matter - here's the reading lists, followed by a bit more about new resources I'm developing not only for those academic classes, but also for my other online students, as well as for the general public.

Three Podcast Episodes on Plato's Euthyphro

The Sadler's Lectures podcast has been continuing on with the project of converting my video lectures into edited mp3 sound files.  We tackled the Apology first (here's the playlist) and then the Crito (here's that playlist).  And now, we've got three lectures - about 40 minutes total - available on another one of Plato's dialogues, the Euthyphro!

You can listen directly from my Soundcloud channel - or get them on  iTunes /Apple Podcasts or Google Play (I'll be adding more formats in the coming months.

The Euthyphro takes place right before Socrates' trial, and right outside of the law-court, where he runs into the very guy the dialogue is named after.  They get into a tangled discussion about the nature of "piety" or "holiness" - one which ranges over a number of topics and arguments.

In the process, Socrates articulates a problematic that has come to be recognized as a major issue in the Philosophy of Religion.  It's called the "Euthyphro dilemma" - and if you listen to the episode on it, you'll see why it's so important!

Here are the three lectures:

• What The Gods Disagree About
• The Euthyphro Dilemma
• Piety As a Type of Justice

As a reference for what you're listening to, you might want to get The Last Days of Socrates, which includes the Apology, Crito, Euthyphro, and Phaedo.  The podcast lectures are designed to help you understand some of the key concepts of philosophical works. So don't deprive yourself of the pleasure of reading Plato's dialogues!

The work involved in creating these podcast episodes is underwritten by my monthly supporters on Patreon. Want to become a supporter? Click here!

Four Podcast Lectures on Plato's Crito

I've been continuing on with my newly started podcast, Sadler's Lectures, converting my video lectures into edited mp3 sound files.   After finishing up with the six lectures on Platos' Apology, we've moved on to the four lectures on its logical successor, his dialogue, The Crito.

These four lectures on this dialogue comprise about 50 minutes of material - so you can listen your way through all of them through the average workout, commute, or lunch break.  You can easily download them from my channel and start learning!  If iTunes /Apple Podcasts or Google Play is more your speed, you can find my channel there as well.

Here are the four lectures:

• Crito's Arguments With Socrates 
• Socrates On Living In Accordance With Principle
• Socrates On The Many And The Wise
• The Laws' Arguments

As a reference, you might want to get The Last Days of Socrates, which includes the Apology, Crito, Euthyphro, and Phaedo.

The work involved in creating these podcast episodes is underwritten by my monthly supporters on Patreon. Want to become one? Click here!

Six Podcast Lectures on Plato's Apology

After getting the Sadler's Lectures podcast up and running earlier this month - thanks to my supporters (want to become one on Patreon - click here!) - I have finished converting the first sequence of videos, and have started on the second.

The first philosopher fans, supporters, and subscribers wanted lectures on was Plato, so I've created six downloadable lectures in mp3 format on the text so many people begin with - Plato's Apology.  We're now working on converting lectures on the Crito, and will then do the Euthyphro and the Phaedo. (And when I say "we," it's not the royal usage - I'm including my son, Matthew, who is now assisting me with editing)

The videos these were drawn from were shot years back, before I started using a lapel mike and voice recorder, so we had to do a lot to boost the sound quality to the level you'll hear.  But of course, it's not perfect podcasting that people go to my Sadler's Lectures for - it's high quality content, faithful to the texts and thinkers, helping readers and listeners learn!

At any rate, here are those six episodes

• Socrates' Divine Mission - Plato's Apology
• Socrates' Older Accusers - Plato's Apology
• Socrates' Defense Against Charges of Corruption - Plato's Apology
• Socrates' Defense Against Charges Of Impiety - Plato's Apology
• The Gadfly Analogy - Plato's Apology
• Why Socrates Does Not Fear Death - Plato's Apology

As a reference, you might want to get The Last Days of Socrates, which includes the Apology, Crito, Euthyphro, and Phaedo. 

The six episodes come to just over 90 minutes total, so if you've got a long drive or commute, or want to listen to them at the gym, or while you're doing something else, you can easily download them from my channel and start learning!  If iTunes /Apple Podcasts or Google Play is more your speed, you can find my channel there as well.

Podcasting Has Begun!

Yesterday, I uploaded and released the first three files for my new podcast.  Three short lectures on key ideas in Plato's text, The Apology!  I've created a Soundcloud site, which you can access by clicking here.  You can also go to the Sadler's Sound Files blog where I'll be posting podcast episodes individually and most news about the podcast from this point on.

For years, viewers, subscribers, supporters, and other fans have been asking me if I would convert my massive and growing stock of online philosophy lecture videos into mp3 files.

There definitely are some advantages to doing so.  Many people listen to, as well as watch, my philosophy lectures and presentations.  But streaming video requires a lot more data than downloading a podcast.  So that's one good reason.  Another is that it affords me the chance to edit and improve the sound quality of many of the recordings.

It requires that I carve out additional time from my busy schedule, though, so for a long time that held me back.  What has made it possible now is reaching a sufficient level of support through crowdfunding (if you're interested in supporting my work, check out my Patreon site).  That effectively underwrites the time and work needed to produce the sound files.

I'm starting for the moment with converting videos on Plato into podcast lectures.  In the coming months you can expect to see episodes on six other main thinkers, three from ancient philosophy - Aristotle, Cicero, and Epictetus - and three from the Existentialist movement - Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and Heidegger.  I'm hoping to get 10-15 podcast episodes done per month, though greater support will help me work through the videos more quickly, and perhaps eventually get caught up with the videos

The People Have Spoken - Podcasts Start With Plato!

As I start writing this, we are about to hit a major milestone on Patreon.  Thanks to several recent generous pledges, and several longstanding supporters increasing their level of support, we are right on the threshold of another goal!  And once we pass it, I have committed to doing something major.

For several years, viewers, subscribers, followers, and other fans of my main YouTube channel have been asking me to convert those videos into podcast episodes that they could listen to on the go.  I'd say at this point, I've been asked about that well over 1,000 times.  Doing that sort of work takes a good bit of time, so I committed to starting that process once I reach a sufficient level of crowdfunding support on Patreon.  And now we're almost there! (if you'd like to get us over the line, here's where you can become a supporter).

I don't do a lot of "market research" when it comes to my various projects.  Actually, it would be more accurate to say that I do almost none.  I'm much more about studying and presenting the material in ways that are faithful to the texts and thinkers, rigorous but also accessible to the world-wide audience of people interested in philosophy.  Before starting up the podcast, though, I thought it might be prudent to get some input about what material I should start with,  So I ran a poll, and we've already got some useful results.

Image For Hire Guest Appearance

Last night, I ventured out into the cold Milwaukee night and drove up to the Riverwest neighborhood.  I had a 9:00 PM appointment to go on as a guest on the Image for Hire radio show, hosted by The Skrauss on 104.1 FM.  That's Riverwest Radio, a community station here in Milwaukee that broadcasts on the radio locally and over the internet worldwide.

It was a great conversation, but before I go any further, here's the link - if you want to hear the conversation, click here.

I really like that central idea motivating The Skrauss' show - all about images, how affect and image go together, and how they can be used to "hack reality".  We don't usually talk about it in those terms, but that what moral philosophy - when it is done, studied, and applied in practical (rather than just academic) ways - aims to accomplish. 

The human person is part of reality, after all, and we use images not only to make sense of who we are, but also as models that allow us to make choices about who we are.  So, understanding, evaluating, and applying images winds up being a good part of what we do as practicing - or as Skrauss put it, "freelance" philosophers working with clients, students, or organizations.

We delved into a lot of topics:  Plato's allegory of the cave and a bit of Martin Heidegger's interpretation of it, what philosophical counseling is and how I use it with clients, whether philosophy and mysticism have any overlap (which depends on what we mean by "mysticism"), my work producing philosophy-focused YouTube videos, even our Worlds of Speculative Fiction talk series and online class (which you can enroll in here). Those are just a few!

A very fun and far-ranging conversation - and I'm looking forward to going on again sometime later this year!  And, a special thanks to my Patreon backers - their support underwrites my engagments in public philosophy!

10 Famous Lines By Philosophers You Should Definitely Read

Every once in a while, a philosopher comes up with a great line, a saying that for one reason or another "sticks", so well that many - even most - of the people who employ the saying couldn't tell you which work the quip came from.  Why is that?  In most cases, it is because they haven't read that philosopher's work, or perhaps anything by that philosopher.  They just know - or rather, think they know - that the philosopher said it.  And it sounds cool, or apropos, or at least relevant.

After seeing yet one more person start out a post ostensibly focused on gratitude by citing Cicero - who did in fact say that gratitude is the "parent of the other virtues" - a post that made it clear that the author either had never read Cicero, or if she did, had managed to forget everything that she had read, I decided it was time, rather than to silently curse the intellectual darkness again, to shed a bit of light.

I put out a challenge in three of the social media platforms I use - Facebook, Google+, and Twitter. Here it is: What quotations of philosophers, in your view, best meet these four criteria:

1) the passage is posted online fairly often
2) the passage was actually said somewhere by that philosopher
3) almost none of the the people posting the quote would be able to say what work it comes from
4) most of the people posting the quote have not read more than a bit of that philosopher's actual work

So Now, Anger Is What The Good Guys Feel

There's so much to say about this recent American election - and so much that is actually being said -that, other than some short discussions and posts in social media (and a dinner-party discussion), I've been keeping a low profile, watching matters unfold, reflecting, and occasionally posting some of the better bits of analysis.  There's something almost like a communicative paralysis induced by the paradox of choice in the aftermath of this contest.  With so much that could be said, and so many things other are saying one might give a thoughtful response to, how do you pick?  Any choice you make, you leave something else out.

One of my hard-left colleagues recently posted an interesting piece from Truthout - Henry Giroux's essay, The Authoritarian Politics of Resentment in Trump's America.  And after reading it over several times, I now know precisely what to start with, at least on my account (I really don't need to think or speak on anyone else's quite frankly).  I'll give the sound-bite, the elevator pitch, or the thesis (depending on which favored term you're inclined towards) right up front.

In his essay, Giroux makes a mistaken distinction in a careless way.  He sets the anger of the left, the working people, the poor, struggling, and oppressed against the resentment of the right, the duped working people, the racists, the . . .  well, why not just call them the deplorables. Resentment is bad, while anger is good in his view.  And we can identify the good people and the bad along precisely those lines - with the added feature that Trump exploited the resentment of the bad.  As someone who researches, writes and speaks about, and deals with clients struggling with anger, this sort of narrative - and the underlying theory Giroux appeals to - strikes me as irresponsible.

The Eight Basic Tastes or Flavors

Last month, I delivered a talk at one of our local libraries - in Whitefish Bay - straying a bit from philosophy into the field of gastronomy (you can watch the video of the talk here).  This isn't an area in which I do all that much work, but in which I've got a considerable, though basically amateur, interest.  The topic that I proposed is one that has exerted a kind of distracting pull upon my research work for some time - a history of basic tastes or flavors of food.

At present, and for roughly the last century and a half, most people here in the West tend to think that there are four main flavors - sometimes five, counting the umami flavor, what we might call an intellectual import from Japanese researchers.  There are, to be sure, food researchers here in the West who do discuss and research other basic tastes or flavors - but the additional gustatory qualities they rightly bring to light are typically regarded as recent additions to an otherwise all-too-simply palette of the palate.

Talk about additional flavors beyond the four or five typically acknowledged and taught about here in the West, and a common first response from other people is to reference the basic tastes distinguished in other culinary traditions of great civilizations of the East - in Indian or Chinese cooking, for example.  And yet, here in the West, there is also a millennia-old tradition of thinking in terms of significantly more than four flavors, one that tends to be overlooked.  It reaches an early apex and touchstone in several passages from Aristotle's works, in which he sets out for us the eight basic flavors.

Plato's Symposium Class Now Enrolling

As the Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics class gets close to finishing up, we've opened up enrollment for another online class, this time on Plato's Symposium!

I'm very happy to be teaching this 4-week entirely online class again with a new group of students for a number of reasons, but I'll just mention two of those reasons here.

One of them is that this is a Platonic dialogue that I'm particularly interested in.  Each time that I teach it, I learn something new in the process.  And I love initiating new readers into this very rich, complexly crafted philosophical text - getting to see their own reactions, their puzzles, and eventually their own articulated understanding of the speeches Plato places in his character's mouths, all about that most important of topics - Love.

Free Resources on Plato's Symposium

Back in the month of August, I taught a 4-week online course for the Global Center for Advanced Studies on Plato's Symposium -- a very enjoyable class, involving excellent student discussions!

When it comes to designing online classes, I'm a bit on the over-achiever side.  For every 2-hour videoconference class session, I produce a 25-40 slide presentation.  I also create video content, lesson pages, and handouts on the material we're studying.  Ok. . . so more than a bit . . . But my obsession is your gain, since I'm posting some of those resources here, free of charge, open-access.

Understanding Anger - Lecture 3: Plato on Anger

The series "Understanding Anger" continued with the third installment -- a lecture focused now not on literary or religious texts, as the previous two were, but on a philosophical perspective upon the emotion of anger.  At least in Western Philosophy, Plato is one of the first philosophers to devote sustained -- though not exactly systematic -- attention to anger in his works.

To be sure, there were a few pre-Socratic philosophers who made isolated, though interesting remarks about anger, but those don't provide enough to say that we have any real articulated perspective upon anger and the many other phenomena with which it is -- or can be -- connected.  In Plato's works, we find considerably more intellectual resources available -- as I discussed in my talk (the video of which you can see here).